Leopard Tortoise Health Information

Specific Care Information: Relative Care Ease: Average
Leopard Tortoises require a large enclosure, and ideally should be housed outdoors whenever weather permits. Leopard Tortoises are solitary animals in the wild and may become if crowded. When many are housed together they need sufficient room to get away from one another and many hiding spots. Males should not be housed together because of their tendency to spar for territory and breeding rights.They should always have access to shaded areas no hotter than 90 degrees Fahrenheit, and at night they should not be left out in temperatures colder than 65 degrees. When sunny daytime temperatures are less than 70 degrees, the tortoises should be housed in heated shelters. If housing them indoors, during the day the temperature within the enclosure should range from about 80 degrees Fahrenheit at the cool end to 90 degrees Fahrenheit in the basking area. At night, the temperature should not fall below 70 degrees. They should be kept at low humidity levels, and they should be exposed to between 12 and 14 hours of full spectrum UV light per day. They can be provided with a shallow bowl of water large enough to soak in, or they can be soaked in shallow water periodically - about 3 times a week for those less than 1 year old and once a week for adults.

Captive Leopard Tortoises should be allowed to graze. They do best with a diet consisting primarily of grasses. Their diet should be full of fiber and they should be given a calcium supplement. The diet can be supplemented with dark leafy green vegetables such as collards, kale, and turnip greens. Grape leaves, if available, are very nutritious and a good addition to the diet. They can also be fed fresh and dried alfalfa, but only in small amounts, as it is very high in protein. Fruit can be given in very small amounts, but should always be dusted with calcium.

Breeding
In the wild, Leopard Tortoises are usually not sexually mature until they are between 12 and 15 years of age. In captivity, the animals often grow faster and can be ready to breed between 6 and 8 years. Male Leopard Tortoises can be distinguished from females by their longer tails and more elongated bodies and sometimes by a slight concavity of their plastrons.

Prior to copulation, male Leopard Tortoise usually rams and pushes the females. Once he mounts her, he begins making grunting noises.

The average clutch size of the Leopard Tortoise is about 9 eggs, although clutches of up to 30 eggs have been reported. Females can lay over three clutches per season. Eggs should be incubated at about 80% humidity in a slightly damp medium. The eggs usually hatch between 130 and 180 days of incubation. Incubation temperatures can be between 82 and 88 degrees Fahrenheit (28 and 31 degrees Celsius), with lower temperatures typically resulting in longer incubation times. There are exceptions to every rule and some Leopard Tortoise eggs can take as many as 392 days to hatch.